Galeazzi fracture healing time11/21/2023 ![]() The radial and ulnar arteries should also be assessed using Doppler if needed. Motor function testing of the AIN can be performed by having the patient perform the ‘a-okay’ sign, the PIN with a ‘thumbs-up,’ and the ulnar nerve with the crossing of the fingers. The anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), and ulnar nerve distributions should be assessed for motor and sensory deficits. A thorough neurovascular examination of the entire extremity should be performed. The appropriate timing to debridement and closure is a debated topic in the literature. Open fractures should be treated with prompt antibiotics, irrigation, and a tetanus booster if needed. Thus, a thorough examination of the skin surrounding the fracture site should be performed. Both bone forearm fractures often present with a visible deformity and have significant potential for open fractures. Begin by following the trauma life support protocol, including primary and secondary surveys. ![]() As with any trauma, the priority is to rule out any life-threatening injuries first. Patients generally present with forearm pain after a high-energy mechanism of injury. Both bone fractures are traditionally seen in the pediatric population but are also common in the skeletally mature individual. This article will focus on simultaneous diaphysial fractures of the radius and ulna in the adult, often referred to as ‘both bone’ forearm fractures. An interosseous membrane joins the radius and ulnar diaphysis and is susceptible to injury during fractures of the forearm. Similarly, the distal radioulnar joint integrity is equally crucial to the stability of the wrist. The stability of this joint is critical to the overall stability of the elbow. Multiple ligamentous structures stabilize the proximal radioulnar joint, and these ligaments are dynamic throughout forearm motion. The proximal ulna articulates with both the distal humerus, forming the ulnohumeral joint, and the proximal radius, forming the proximal radioulnar joint. Any disruption in the anatomy of the forearm can lead to a significant loss of the normal range of motion that allows for motions as complex as a golf swing or as simple as turning the page in a book. ![]() The anatomical bow of the radius allows for rotation around a fixed ulna, and its structure is critical for this motion. The radius and ulna exist in a delicate anatomical balance that allows for pronation and supination of the hand in a 180-degree arc of motion. The two bones of the forearm function to allow flexion and extension at the elbow as well as at the wrist via diarthrodial joints. The forearm provides the bony structure and muscular origins that allow the hand to operate in many orientations. ![]() The hand plays a critical role in our interaction with the environment and allows us to physically interact with objects in space. ![]()
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